Agriculture is the largest contributor to biodiversity loss globally, largely caused by converting natural habitats to intensely managed systems. Biodiversity losses put food and nutrition security at risk. Sustainable diets can be supported by and help support biological diversity through the production of diverse foods like whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, fruits, tubers, and vegetables.

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach that helps to guide actions needed to transform and reorient agricultural systems to effectively support the development and ensure food security in a changing climate. CSA aims to tackle three main objectives: sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; adapting and building resilience to climate change, and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions where possible.

A holistic framework and set of practices aimed at bringing agriculture into harmony with the environment. This includes transitioning from intensive monocultures to more diversified agroecological systems. Resilient agroecological practices also encourage regenerative over extractive land resource use and address soil degradation by supporting living soils.

Modern agricultural practices negatively impact land, soil, and water resources. Resource pressures are amplified by the growing global population, shifting diet patterns, and climate change. Sustainable diets can promote resilient water, land, and soils systems.